Parental absence predicts suicide ideation through emotional disorders

<div><p>The objectives of the study were to investigate the association between the parental absence and suicide ideation and to examine the roles of emotional disorders in the aforementioned relationship. Four thousand five hundred and thirteen children from rural areas in Jiangsu Province, China, participated in the study. Among the participants, 2416 were non-left-behind children (children living with both parents) and 1997 were left-behind children (children living with the absence of at least one parent). All participants responded to the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children, the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children, and a question regarding respondents’ suicide ideation. Results indicated that as compared with non-left-behind children, the left-behind children with both-parents absence were statistically more likely to show suicide ideation. Furthermore, all the three types parental absence—father absence, mother absence, and both-parents absence were significantly associated with negative emotional outcomes. Moreover, depression, social anxiety, and physical anxiety were shown to be significant mediators in the relationship of parental absence and suicide ideation of children. The stress of parental absence and its negative impact on children’s mental health are discussed.</p></div

Theoretical Investigation on Nickel-Catalyzed Hydrocarboxylation of Alkynes Employing Formic Acid

DFT calculations have been conducted to elucidate the mechanistic details of a novel Ni-catalyzed hydrocarboxylation reaction of alkynes, in which formic acid is atom-economically used through a catalytic CO recycling manner. On the basis of our theoretical investigations, the bisphosphine (dppbz, 1,2-bis­(diphenylphosphino)­benzene) ligated nickel monocarbonyl complex (dppbz)­NiCO was located as the active catalytic species for this process, and such a carbonyl ligand is found to be critical for the final reductive elimination. Our studies also revealed the addition of H to alkynes proceeds via a proton transfer process directly from formic acid (i.e., outer-sphere pathway) rather than through a proposed hydrometalation process (i.e., direct hydride shift from Ni–H). The thermal decomposition of formic anhydrides was found to be vital to a successful reaction, and its barrier must be slightly higher than the energetic span of the Ni catalytic cycle. Fast release of CO can poison the Ni catalyst, so that the reaction would be shut down. Other intriguing experimental observations, such as ligand effect, regioselectivity, and extraordinary compatibility of C–X (X = halogen) bonds, are also discussed in this article

Theoretical Investigation on Nickel-Catalyzed Hydrocarboxylation of Alkynes Employing Formic Acid

DFT calculations have been conducted to elucidate the mechanistic details of a novel Ni-catalyzed hydrocarboxylation reaction of alkynes, in which formic acid is atom-economically used through a catalytic CO recycling manner. On the basis of our theoretical investigations, the bisphosphine (dppbz, 1,2-bis­(diphenylphosphino)­benzene) ligated nickel monocarbonyl complex (dppbz)­NiCO was located as the active catalytic species for this process, and such a carbonyl ligand is found to be critical for the final reductive elimination. Our studies also revealed the addition of H to alkynes proceeds via a proton transfer process directly from formic acid (i.e., outer-sphere pathway) rather than through a proposed hydrometalation process (i.e., direct hydride shift from Ni–H). The thermal decomposition of formic anhydrides was found to be vital to a successful reaction, and its barrier must be slightly higher than the energetic span of the Ni catalytic cycle. Fast release of CO can poison the Ni catalyst, so that the reaction would be shut down. Other intriguing experimental observations, such as ligand effect, regioselectivity, and extraordinary compatibility of C–X (X = halogen) bonds, are also discussed in this article

The prevalence of suicide ideation across children with various status of parental absence.

<p>The prevalence of suicide ideation across children with various status of parental absence.</p

Predicting suicide ideation from status of parental absence.

<p>Predicting suicide ideation from status of parental absence.</p

Mediating effects of emotional factors in the relationships of parental-absence status to suicide ideation.

<p>Mediating effects of emotional factors in the relationships of parental-absence status to suicide ideation.</p

The associations of status of parental absence with emotional outcomes.

<p>The associations of status of parental absence with emotional outcomes.</p